BIM Dimensions Explained: 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D and 7D

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a smart way to plan, design, build, and manage buildings using digital models. It starts with a 3D model and adds more useful information as you move up through each dimension. Let’s take a look at what each BIM dimension means—from 3D to 7D—with simple examples to help you understand.

3D BIM – The Design

3D BIM is the basic model of the building. It shows the shape, size, and layout of everything—walls, doors, windows, rooms, and more. For example, an architect can use 3D BIM to design a school. Engineers can then check if the air conditioning ducts and plumbing pipes fit properly. This helps avoid problems before construction starts.

4D BIM – Time

4D BIM adds the time element. It connects parts of the model to the construction schedule. For example, if you're building a shopping mall, 4D BIM can show you the order of construction, when materials need to arrive, and how long each part will take. This helps plan the project better and avoid delays.

5D BIM – Cost

5D BIM includes cost information. It links the building parts to prices and budgets. For instance, if the design of an office building changes—like adding more windows—the cost will update automatically. This helps teams keep track of the budget and avoid surprise expenses.

6D BIM – Sustainability

6D BIM focuses on energy and the environment. It helps you choose materials and systems that save energy and are better for the planet. For example, when designing a hospital, the team can use 6D BIM to see how much energy it will use and find ways to make it more efficient, such as using solar panels or better insulation.

7D BIM – Maintenance

7D BIM is for managing the building after it’s built. It includes information like maintenance schedules, warranties, and instructions for equipment. For example, a university can use 7D BIM to keep track of when air conditioners need servicing or when lights should be replaced, making it easier to run the building.

In Summary

Each BIM dimension adds more value. 3D shows the building's shape, 4D adds time, 5D tracks costs, 6D helps with energy use, and 7D supports maintenance. Together, they help make construction projects more organized, efficient, and sustainable—from start to finish.